This is an editor-only crash that's due to stack overflow/infinite recursion in UInheritableComponentHandler::FixComponentTemplateName(). We are recursively trying to rename other inherited component templates away from the new name to avoid a collision, but there is currently not a sufficient base case in place to break the recursion in this situation.
Note: This issue was first introduced in version 4.15 with the fix for [Link Removed].
Exception thrown at 0x00007FF8182ABBCB (UE4Editor-Core-Win64-Debug.dll) in UE4Editor-Win64-Debug.exe: 0xC00000FD: Stack overflow (parameters: 0x0000000000000001, 0x0000003244203FE8).
There's no existing public thread on this issue, so head over to Questions & Answers just mention UE-65836 in the post.